Hypothesis Tests for Neyman's Bias in Case–Control Studies

Hypothesis Tests for Neyman’s Bias in Case-Control Studies

Survival bias is a long-recognized problem in case-control studies, and many varieties of bias can come under this umbrella term. We focus on one of them, termed Neyman’s bias or “prevalence-incidence bias.” It occurs in case-control studies when exposure affects both disease and disease-induced mortality, and we give a formula for the observed, biased odds ratio under such conditions. We compa...

Hypothesis tests for hydrologic alteration

Response Bias in Computerised Tests

Choosing a response format is a problem when designing computerised tests. Programmers often solve this problem by highlighting a response option and allowing the user to select this option or choose another by using the cursor keys. It is possible that such well-meaning attempts to make computers more userfriendly may heighten response style tendencies. The two experiments to be reported in th...

Truncated sequential hypothesis tests

Any views or conclusions contained in this Memorandum should not be interpreted as representing the official opinion or policy of ARPA. DDC AVAILABILITY NOTICE Qualified requesters may obtain copies of this report from the Defense Documentation Center (DDC). 1700 MAIN Si ~SANTA MONICA • CAlifORNIA • • o. t t h-iii PREFACE In the operation of phased-array radars it is possible, in principle, to ...

Hypothesis Tests for Evaluating Numerical Precipitation Forecasts

When evaluating differences between competing precipitation forecasts, formal hypothesis testing is rarely performed. This may be due to the difficulty in applying common tests given the spatial correlation of and nonnormality of errors. Possible ways around these difficulties are explored here. Two datasets of precipitation forecasts are evaluated, a set of two competing gridded precipitation ...